Summation Symbol ()

HTML entity for the summation symbol (∑). Learn how to use ∑ or ∑ in HTML for mathematical series, sigma notation, and formulas.

Math

Summation Symbol

All Formats

FormatValue
Character
HTML Entity∑
HTML Code (Decimal)∑
UnicodeU+2211
CSS Content\2211
CategoryMath

About Summation Symbol

The summation symbol (∑), also known as the capital sigma, is a mathematical notation used to represent the sum of a series of terms. It is one of the most recognized symbols in mathematics and appears frequently in formulas, statistical expressions, and algorithm descriptions.

In HTML, insert this symbol using &sum;, &#8721;, or &#x2211;. The named entity &sum; is concise and widely supported. For complete sigma notation with upper and lower bounds, combine this symbol with <sub> and <sup> elements or use MathML for more complex expressions.

The summation symbol is part of the Mathematical Operators Unicode block. It resembles an uppercase Greek letter sigma (Σ) but is a distinct character. The dedicated summation operator is typographically optimized for mathematical display, with a wider and more symmetrical appearance than the letter sigma.

In CSS, use "\2211" with the content property for pseudo-element insertion. This symbol is essential for websites covering statistics, calculus, linear algebra, and computer science. Screen readers announce it as "summation" or "n-ary summation," making mathematical content accessible.

Usage Examples

<!-- Using named entity -->
<p>This is the Summation Symbol: &sum;</p>

<!-- Using numeric code -->
<p>This is the Summation Symbol: &#8721;</p>

<!-- Using the character directly (UTF-8) -->
<p>This is the Summation Symbol: ∑</p>

<!-- In CSS -->
.icon::before {
  content: "\2211";
}

FAQ

What is the HTML entity for Summation Symbol?

The Summation Symbol () can be inserted using the named entity &sum;, the numeric code &#8721;, or by pasting the character directly in a UTF-8 document.

How do I use in CSS?

In CSS, use the content property with the value "\2211". For example: content: "\2211";

What is the Unicode code point for Summation Symbol?

The Unicode code point for Summation Symbol is U+2211. This is the universal identifier for this character across all platforms and programming languages.

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